In 1759, Scotsman Adam Smith, who is widely regarded as the world’s first true economist, published his first great work, The Theory of Moral Sentiments. In it, he postulated that all social evolution can be attributed to “individual human action,” as opposed to “individual human design.”
The Candlemaker’s Petition
In 1845, the French government levied protective tariffs on scores of items, the intent to protect French industries from companies outside France was named The Candlemaker’s Petition.